C Conditionals

programming C MOC

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Conditionals check the specified consideration and execute the resulting code block.

Ternaries are useful for two outcomes using ? and : inside a function.

#include <stdio.h>
 
int main() {
    int num = 12;
    printf("num is: %d\n\n", num);
 
    // Standard if/else if/else
    // outputs: num is 12
    if (num > 12) {
        puts("num is greater than 12");
    } else if (num < 12) {
        puts("num is less than 12");
    } else {
        puts("num is 12");
    }
 
    // Ternary
    // outputs: "num is, or greater than 12"
    (num >= 12)
        ? puts("num is, or greater than 12")
        : puts("num is less than 12");
 
    // Ternary - inside function
    // outputs: "num is, or greater than 12"
    puts(
        num >= 12
            ? "num is, or greater than 12"
            : "num is less than 12"
    );
 
    // Nested ternaries - less readable!
    // outputs: "num is 12"
    puts(
        num > 12
            ? "num is greater than 12"
            :
            num < 12
                ? "num is less than 12"
                : "num is 12"
    );
 
    return(0);
}

Comparing Floats

When comparing floats, don’t use ==, due to floating point math.

Comparing Strings

Strings cannot be compared with normal operators but with strncm(<string_1>, <string_2>, <num_characters_to_check>) from the string.h library.